Published 1999.

This book describes the creative strategies employed by teachers and students in periphery communities in order to use the English language in a manner that suits their needs while subtly resisting the linguistic imperialism that many scholars have identified as the consequence of the global ELT enterprise. After developing trends and ideas from those oppositional strategies, the book goes on to outline elements of a critical pedagogy suitable for ELT in formerly colonized communities.

As the English language continues to spread globally, this book will be essential reading for English teachers and applied linguists wishing to understand the ideological challenges in the periphery. Curriculum planners and policy makers will also find it a necessary aid to exploring the pedagogical alternatives.