The monograph describes basic problems of third world countries. First, it characterizes the third world countries, their social-economic differentiation, their place in the world economy, including three developing world regions: Latin America, Asia and Africa. Following that, it investigates large problems plaguing the developing regions, which means the population problem and the related food problem. The industrial progress as a basic precondition of passive development of the third world countries closely relates to the availability of energy and raw natural resources. These and many other activities have not only a positive but also a negative influence, in the first place at the quality of the environment. The founding principle of positive evolution of the world and the third world countries is especially a manageable development. In the publication, this manageable development closes a widely conceived radius of fundamental problems of this highly important part of the world.